Telegraph system



Jan. 26 1937.

w. M. BACON TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Original Filed Sept. 12, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet l lNl/EN TOR W M. BA CON FIG. 1

A TTOEWE Y Jan. 26, 1937. w BACON 2,069,000

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Original Filed S ept. .12, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG. 6

IN l/EN 70/? W. M. BACON 81 A T TORNEV Jan. 26, 1937. w. M. BACON TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Origirial Fileu Sept.

12, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 20R 3% Skin Q 20R Thu Y ROR a A T TORNEV Patented Jan. 26, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Continuation of application Serial No. 743,762, September 12, 1934. This application July 2,

1936, Serial No. 88,664

6 Claims. (Cl. 178-4) This invention relates to telegraph systems and more particularly to the transmission of information recorded on statistical cards over telegraph systems and apparatus and is a continuation of an application filed September 12, 1934, Serial No. 743,762.

In the usual teletypewriter systems a five-unit Baudot selecting code is employed to represent the various symbols to be transmitted. This code provides a maximum of thirty-two different combinations so that thirty-two different symbols may be transmitted over the telegraph system by this code. This number of different combinations r proves quite adequate for printing telegraph service.

Information is usually recorded on statistical cards by perforations which are arranged in columns. The perforations of these columns represent the symbols recorded on. these cards. 20 Since on many of those cards the number of combinations possible in any column exceeds thirtytwo it is difficult to transmit this information over a telegraph system employing a five-unit code.

It is the object of this invention to provide translating means so that each column on the card may be represented by one or more groups of five-element start-stop signals. These groups can then be transmitted over a start-stop telegraph system to a distant receiver where they may be employed to perforate other statistical cards in accordance with the perforations in the card at the transmitting station.

A feature of the invention is that this apparatus may be provided as an attachment to teletypewriters and teletypewriter exchange systems.

The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows the circuit arrangements for translating and transmitting over a telegraph system the information contained on the punched cards;

Fig. 2 shows the mechanical features of the transmitter;

Fig. 3 shows a code used in transmitting the information;

Figs. 4, 5, and 6 show the mechanical features of the perforator located at the distant point; and

Fig. 7 shows a card controlled transmitter and receiver connected to a telegraph circuit.

In the drawings an arrangement is shown for progressively scanning the card for punched holes by means of a number of pins attached to levers which are operated by cams. With the card in position the pins are placed in contact with the card and wherever a hole is punched go through the hole in the card and operate associated sets of contact springs. These contact springs operate appropriate relays which connect the line wires to segments of a commutator. As the commutator brush rotates it alternately opens and closes the line wires in accordance with the operated condition of the relays. At the distant end, a magnet follows the impulses and alters the position of five vanes of the type usually used in telegraph printers, in accordance with the impulses sent. This allows the bar, corresponding to the code sent, to assume a position underneath a punch and as the motor rotates a cam punches a hole in the card corresponding to the hole in the original card. After sending impulses corresponding to the holes in one column on the card, the card is advanced to the next column.

The code which has been selected for the purpose of illustration is shown on Fig. 3. It is arranged to transmit impulses representing a single punch in any position from 0 to 9, a punch in any position from 0' to 9' and in addition a punch in either position II or l2 or both II and 12', a single punch in either position I I or l2, punches in both positions I l and I2 and no holes punched in the column. With these various combinations of punched holes the number of distinct combinations that may be punched in any column of the card exceeds 32 which is the number of different combinations of a five unit code. In order to transmit impulses representing all of the combinations over a telegraph system employing a five unit code it is necessary totransmit and receive two groups of impulses to represent certain of the combinations of holes punched in the 7 card. This is accomplished at both the transmitting and receiving stations by arranging the apparatus at these stations to advance the card in response to certain perforations or punches in the column of the card, or the impulses representing these perforations and not to advance the card in response to other perforations or corresponding groups of impulses. In addition it is necessary to send a group of impulses which will advance the card without punching any holes in it.

The operation of the system will now be described in detail. It will be assumed that a card such as card 39 containing punched holes which record information has been inserted in the transmitter, either manually or in some well known mechanical fashion, so that the pins connected to the levers, such as lever 50 register with the holes of one of the columns of card 39. The action of card 39 in coming into position operates contact i (see Fig. l) which in turn operates magnet 2 by connecting ground to its winding. Ihe energizing of magnet 2 withdraws latch 3 allowing shaft 45: (see Fig. 2) to rotate through friction drive d3 in the usual manner. Commutator brush ii is attached to shaft 44 and rotates with it. Shaft 5i and cams 35, A5, 52 and 53 are also driven by shaft l i through shaft 53 and gears ll and In rotating, cam 53 permits the springs similar to spring ii, to elevate levers 5t and 55 so that the pins associated with them feel or read the card. If a hole is punched in the card in position H or l2 which positions are associated with levers 5t and 55 the pin goes through the hole and operates either contact spring (see Fig. 1) combination 38 or iii which is similar to the contact spring combination 53 shown in Fig. 2.

Cams 35, i5, 52, and 53 are so designed and positioned that they properly control the closure of the contacts and the advance of the card. As shown in the drawings these cams are arranged so that spring combinations 3D and Si close their contacts before any of the other contact springs, such as spring 32, and contact spring combination 33. Contact springs 33 operate every revolution of cam 52 regardless of whether any holes are found in the card or not and closes its contacts last. -t is to be understood, however, that it is within the scope of the invention to use any suitable contour for these cams so that they will properly time and control the operation of the relays, card feeding apparatus, transmitting distributor, etc.

For purposes of illustration, the action of the transmitter will be described for a single punch in any position i) to 9 in a column, such as for example, position 3; a single punch in position H or 92'; the combination of H or E2, and a punch in any position d to 9 such as position 3'; and no holes punched in a column.

Assume that a hole is punched in a column of the card in position 5 only. As cam 35 revolves the pin associated with lever 55 goes through the hole and operates spring combination 32. Then, later, due to the action of cam 512, spring combination 33 is operated. The operation of spring combination 32 causes the operation of relays 9, If), and ii in a circuit traced from battery through the contacts of relay 1, armature of spring combination 32, right-hand contact of spring combination 32 to ground through the lowermost winding of relays 9, it, and H in series. The operation of spring combination 32 also operates relay 5 in a circuit traced from battery through the contacts of relay 1, armature and left-hand contact of spring combination 32 to ground through the winding of relay 5. The operation of relay 5 performs no useful function at this time. Relays 9, it, and H, in operating operate relays l2, l3 and M respectively in circuits traced from ground through their lower windings and lower contacts of relays 9, Hi, and Ii to battery through the contacts of relay 5 and the winding of relay '5. Relays l2, l3, and it look operated in circuits from ground through their lower windings and contacts to battery through the contacts of relay 5 and winding of relay 7. Relay l operates in the locking circuit just traced and removes battery from the armatures of all the spring combinations. As mentioned previously spring assembly 33 is operated by cam 52 at an interval after the other spring assemblies, such as assembly 32. This interval is provided to allow sufficient time for the translating relays such as relays 9, ill, 2 i, etc. to operate, in case there is a punch in one of the numerical positions ii to 9 such as position 3, and to lock in series with relay 7, operating the latter relay and removing battery from the armatures of all the spring assemblies before assembly 33 operates. In addition relay 1 is slow enough to operate to allow all of the other relays such as 9, ii], H, etc. to operate but fast enough so as to operate before springs 33 are operated.

In addition to controlling the speed of operation of the various relays, it is within the scope of this invention to select relay windings having suitable values of resistance to permit the proper operation of the various relays and to prevent false operation due to spurious circuits.

The operation of relays El, iii, and II also the operation of relays l2, l3, and I4 connect lines wire 2! tosegments 24, 25, and 28, respectively and as commutator arm I"! proceeds over the various segments the line wires 20 and H are connected together while the brush passes segments E l, 25 and 26 but are not so connected while the brush passes segments 23, 2'1 and 28. Thus a signal is sent over the line wires that represents a perforation in position This signal is in accordance with the code shown in Fig. 3.

After remaining operated for a sulliciently long interval to insure the operation and locking of the translating relays such as relays 9, it, and l I, and relays l2, l3, and M, cams 35, 53, and 52 lower all of the pins from the card and return all of the spring combinations to their normal unoperated condition. This permits the relays, such as relays 9, ill, and H, which are not locked operated to release. These relays in releasing at this time do not affect or change the code impulses transmitted because they have previously operated other relays (relays l2, l3, and M) which also control the code impulses transmitted and which are locked operated until after the code impulses are transmitted.

Cam 45 also rotates with shaft 5i and is so positioned that it lifts lever 46 which rotates notched wheel 37 one tooth through pawl 35 after cams 35, 53, and 52 have returned all of the levers and the pins associated with them to their normal positions. The rotation of wheel 3'! one tooth causes wheels 38 and ii to rotate and move card 39 in the direction of the arrow thus bringing the perforations of the next column into register with the pins.

After the code impulses have been transmitted and brush arm ll reaches the position of segment I8 it closes a circuit from ground on segment l9, brush arm ll'l, segment l8 to battery through the winding of relay 5. Relay 5 operates in this circuit and breaks the locking circuits of relays l2, l3, and Hi through the winding of relay 7. Relays l2, l3, and I4 release as does relay l. When the circuit between segments 18 and is is broken due to brush l'l reaching its normal position relay 5 releases but relay I does not reoperate due to the circuit being broken at the contacts of relays l2, l3, and it.

In the next column it will be assumed that po sition l I only is punched so that as cams 35, 53, and 52 revolve, contact spring combination 30 and later combination 33 are operated. The operation of spring combination 3!] causes the operation of relay I5 in a circuit traced from battery through the contacts of relay 1, upper break contact of relay 8, armature and righthand contact of spring combination 38, to ground through the winding of relay I5. Relay I 5 in operating operates relay l5 in a circuit traced from battery through the winding of relay I, contacts of relay 6, lower contacts of relay'I5' and lower winding of relay I5 to ground. The lower contacts of relay I5 are in parallel with the lower contacts of relay I5 and lock relay I5 operated a circuit similar to the one described above. The operation of spring combination 3|! also causes the operation of relay 8 in a circuit traced from battery through the contacts of relay 1, upper break contacts of relay 8, armature and lefthand contact of spring combination 38 to ground through the upper winding of relay 8. Relay 8 in operating closes its locking circuit from ground through its lower Winding, the contacts of relay 5, to battery through the upper make contacts of relay 8. The upper spring assembly of relay 8 is arranged so that the circuit to its lower Winding is closed before the circuit to its upper winding is opened thus insuring the complete operation and locking of relay 8.

Relay I, operates in the circuit previously tra'ced after relays I5 and 8 have operated and opens the circuit from battery to the armatures of all of the spring combinations including combination 33 before cams 35 and 52 operate the spring combinations associated with levers 58 as well as with lever 49. The operation of relay 8 through its lower contacts causes the operation of magnet 4- which, in turn, removes pawl 38 from engagement with. notched Wheel 31 (see Fig. 2) so that as shaft 5| completes its revolution cam 45 does not cause the card to advance to the next column. Relays I5 and I5 operated, connect line wire 2| to segment 21 through break key 22 and as brush I'I advances over the commutator segments the pulses corresponding to the code for a perforation in position I I, as shown in Fig. 3, are sent to the distant point. When brush I'l passes segment I8, relay 6 is operated and relays I, I5, and I5 released but relay 8 remains operated.

The perforator at the distant end is also arranged to omit the advance of the card whenever the code combination representing a perforation in positions II and I2 is received. It waits in anticipation of another group of impulses to be recorded in the same column as will be hereinafter explained. If, however, only II or I2 or both II and I2 are perforated in the column the second group of impulses will be used to ad- Vance the card at the distant end. In this case the second group of impulses or spacing signal is sent in the following manner through the operation of relay 8 which is energized whenever spring combination 38 or 3| is operated due to a hole in the card in position I I or I2. With relay 8 operated magnet 4 prevents the advance of card 39 at the transmitter as previously described. As cam 53 again revolves, it operates spring combinations 38 and 33 as before. Due to the operated condition of relay 8, however, battery is not con nected to the armatures of spring combinations 38 and 3| and relays I5 and I5 are not operated as before. When spring combination 33 operates battery is still connected to its armature due to the unoperated condition of relay I. In this case relays I4 and I5 are operated in a path traced from battery through the contacts of relay I, armature and right-hand contact of spring combination 33 to ground through the upper windings of relays I4 and I5 in series. Relay I5 locks. in a circuit traced. from ground through lower winding and lower contacts of relay I5 to battery through the contacts of relay 6 and winding of relay I. Relay I4 locks in series with relay in a similar circuit through its lower winding and lower contacts. Relay 5 is also energized by spring combination 33, the operating path being traced from battery through the contacts of relay 2, armature and left-hand contact of spring combination 33 to ground through the winding of relay 5. Relay 5 operated, opens the circuit through the lower winding of relay 8 allowing it to release. Relay 8 is made slow in releasing to insure the operation of relay I and the removal of battery from the armatures of the spring combinations before relay 8 recloses its top break contacts, thus preventing the false operation of other relays through spring combinations associated over positions, as for example, II or I2. Relay 5 is also made slow in releasing to make sure that relay 8 opens its top front contact before relay 5 closes its back contact which if not provided might also cause the false operation of relay 8.

The operation of relays I4 and I5 connect line wire 2| to segments 26 and 21 so that as brush I'I traverses the segments the signal for the space V is transmitted. At the distant end the card is advanced on receiving the space signal and since relay 8 and consequently magnet 4 are released when cam 45 operates lever 46, card 39 is advanced to the next column through the action of pawl 36, notched wheel 3'! and wheels 38 and 40 as previously described.

It is assumed that in the next column holes have been punched in positions I2 and 3'. In this case as cams 35, 52, and 53 revolve the associated pins go through holes I2 and 3 in the card and spring combinations 3|, 32 and 33 are operated. Spring combination 3| operates first and energizes relay IS in a circuit traced from battery through the contacts of relay 1, upper break contacts of relay 8, armature and righthand cont-act of spring combination 3| to ground through the top winding of relay l6. Relay I6 locks in a circuit traced from ground through the lower Winding and lower contacts of relay I6, contacts of relay 8 to battery through the winding of relay I. Relay I operates in the circuit just traced and removes battery from the armatures of all of the spring combinations before spring combinations 32 and 33 operate. Relay 8 operates and locks due to the closing of the lefthand contact of spring combination 3| in the same manner as described for the operation of spring combination 38. Relay 8 in operating operatesmagnet 4 which moves member 35 from wheel 31 so that card 39 will not be advanced near the end of the first revolution of cam 45. Relay I6, operated connects line wire 2| to segment 28 so brush I'I transmits the impulses corresponding to a perforation in position I2 to the distant point. When brush I'I passes segment I8, relay 6 is operated as described above and relays and I6 are released. Relay 8 remains operated, however, and causes the transmitter to make a second revolution before advancing the card since magnet 4 is operated as hereinbefore described. On the second revolution spring com bination 3| again operates first but is ineffective because battery is not connected to its armature due to the operated condition of relay 8. Spring combination 32 closes its contact next and causes the operation of relays 9, I8, and II in a circuit traced from battery through the contacts of relay I, armature and right-hand contact of spring combination 32 to ground through the lowermost windings of relays 9, It, and II in series. Relays 9, II], and II in operating operate relays I2, I3, and I l in series with relay I which look operated in series with relay '5 as described previ ously. Relay 5 is also operated through spring combination 32 in a circuit traced from battery through the contacts of relay '5, armature and left-hand contacts of spring combination 32 to ground through the winding of relay 5. The operation of relay 5 releases relay 8 which in turn releases magnet 4 as previously described, so that the card. at the transmitting station will be advanced at the completion of the second revolution of shaft 5I. Relay 7 operates in the locking circuit previously described and removes battery from the armatures of all the spring combinations so that the subsequent operation of spring combination 33 is ineifective. Relays 9, I8, and I I and relays I2, I3, and it connect line wire M to segments 24, 25, and 26 and as brush ll sweeps over them it sends the code for a punch in position 3'. When brush ll again makes contact with segment I8 relay 6 is operated as before and relays I, 9, IE] and II, I2, I3, and I l are released thus restoring the circuit to normal.

In the next column it is assumed that no holes are punched and that when cams 35, 52, and 53 revolve only spring combination 33 is operated. In this case relays I l and I5 are operated, the circuit for this operation of these relays being traced from battery through the contacts of relay I, armature and right hand contact of spring combination 33 to ground through the upper windings of relays M and I5 in series. Relay 5 also operates through the left-hand contact of spring combination 33 but does not perform any useful function at this time. Relays Id and I5 lock in series with relay l as previously described. These relays I4 and I5 connect line wire 2! to segments 26 and 21 thus causing the signal representing a space to be transmitted to the distant point. When cam 35 lifts lever if; the card is advanced to the next column.

Referring now to Figs. 4, 5, and 6. the mechanical details of the apparatus at the distant point will be described. The electrical circuit and many of the mechanical details are the same as are used in the usual type of printing telegraph systems. Magnet BI is controlled over the line wires in the usual manner. The line circuit may be of the closed circuit type in which case the first open circuit impulse starts shaft 68 revolving and with it the various cams usually found in telegraph printers. Five operating levers such as lever Ill in addition to the looking lever lI operate in succession as shaft 68 revolves and brings swords such as sword I2 up against armature extension M. The first .sword I2 is brought up against armature extension "M during the first code impulse interval after the start pulse and if it finds the armature in an operated position, as shown, it will position sword I2 against its upper stop and as lever "ill returns due to the action of cam 69 it will position connecting link it) and vane 82 corresponding to a closed circuit during the first pulse. Had the first pulse been an open circuit magnet liI would have been unoperated and sword 72 would have been positioned against its lower stop, as shown and connecting link I3 and vane 62 would have taken a position corresponding to an open circuit during the first pulse.

After the five pulses of the code have been received and the five vanes have been positioned cam 83 allows spring 8 1 to move bar 8'! to the left. This causes the bars 63 to rest against the selecting vanes 62. Vanes 62 have notches cut in their edge. As is usual these notches line up for only one of the bars 63 such as 85 for each code combination. This allows the selected bar, such as bar 85, to move to the left as shown in Fig. 4. This interposes the lever I5 attached to bar 85 between pin 64 and striker TI and when the shaft (58 revolves sufficiently for cam 65 to lift bar 66, a hole is punched in card 61 in the position corresponding to the punch in the original card. Just before coming to rest cam 83 operates bar ill to the right which moves bar 85 to the right thus allowing the vanes to take a different position for the next character and removing lever I6 from contact with pin 64 and striker H. A locking bar 86 may be provided to lock the vanes 62 during the time one of the bars 63 is to the left when a hole is being punched in the card.

Connected to striker I1 is pawl I9 which moves up and down with striker 'I'I whenever the latter is operated by cam 65. Pawl I9 engages notched wheel 8!) and rotates wheel SI one notch and advances card 6'! one column, each revolution of shaft 68 except as hereinafter noted. It has been previously mentioned that the apparatus at the terminating end is arranged so that the card is not advanced after receiving the signal for perforating positions either II or i2 or both II and 52. This is accomplished in the following manner: Attached to the levers similar to lever I6, which are associated with punches for perforating positions I! and I2 are extensions I8. Whenever either of these levers assumes a position between striker I1 and the pin which is associated with position I I and I2 similar to pin 54, an extension 18 pushes pawl 19 against the action of spring 82 at a point below its fulcrum. This removes pawl I9 from engagement with notched wheel 80 and when pawl 19 is raised and lower-ed by the action of cam 55, card 61 is not advanced but awaits the reception of another group of impulses representing other than perforations in positions II and I2.

Other views of the mechanical construction of the perforator are shown in Fig. 5 which shows a side view of the punching mechanism and in Fig. 6 which shows the arrangement of the vanes, bars and levers.

Fig. 7 illustrates one method that this card controlled and punching apparatus may be used in a telegraph system. Here llifl represents a central station which may have switching apparatus and circuits such as represented by switchboard I I I. A plurality of outlying or subscribers stations IIlI, I02, I03, and I04 are connected to the central station by lines I05, I06, I01, and I Q8, respectively. These stations as well as the central station may be equipped with the usual teletypewriter apparatus and signaling circuits as represented by I09. A key or switch I I0 is provided to connect either the teletypewriter apparatus or the statistical card apparatus to the line. In addition to this apparatus a break key 22 and relay 9B are provided for signaling purposes in case some failure or trouble occurs.

The central station may connect two or more subscribers stations together so they may communicate with each other, or it may communicate to any or all of the subscribers stations. The switching may also be arranged so that any subscriber may communicate with any or all of the other subscribers. In addition any of the lines I05 to I08 may include one or more repeaters of the usual or regenerative type such as H2 in line H15 as well as other forms of communication channels. Since all these arrangements and circuits perform in their usual manner and are well known to those skilled in the art their details have not been fully described.

In the preferred manner of operating the system shown in Fig. 7, a subscriber may signal the operator in any conventional manner and communicate to the operator by means of the teletypewriter the calling or interconnecting information necessary for the operator at the central station to connect the subscriber with any other subscriber with which he desires to be connected. The subscriber will then transmit to the second subscriber by means of the teletypewriter information relating to the type of material he has to send to him. If it is desired to send statistical card information they will both operate switching keys I!!! to connect a statistical card controlled apparatus to the lines at their respective station and the statistical card information transmitted between the two subscribers. In case some trouble occurs at the receiving subscribers station or some place else in the system a receiving subscriber will send a break signal and connect his teletypewriter to the line. The transmitting subscriber will also connect his teletypewriter to the line to receive information relating to the trouble encountered and where to start retransmitting the statistical card information when the trouble is cured.

In case the operator at the central station is provided with broadcast facilities to enable her to communicate with all or a selected group of the subscribers stations, she will communicate with them by means of the teletypewriter and indicate the type of information as well as any other information and request the subscribers to connect their statistical card controlled apparatus to the line. She will then do likewise and transmit from her statistical card controlled apparatus such information as she wishes to transmit tothe various subscribers stations.

It is to be understood, however, that the above description is to illustrate features of the invention but is not to limit the scope of the invenion, as set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A communication system comprising a perforated card controlled telegraph transmitter having contacts for reading the perforations in said cards column by column, a translating device for translating the perforations of each of said columns into a plurality of groups of telegraph signal impulses, a telegraph transmission channel connected to said transmitter, a telegraph receiving device connected to said channel having translating and perforating devices for perforating a card column by column in accordance with the received groups of telegraph signal impulses.

2. A system for transmitting information recorded on statistical cards over a start-stop telegraph system which ccmprises means for reading the information recorded on said cards column by column, a translating circuit connected to said reading means for translating the information recorded in each column into groups of startstop telegraph signal impulses, a telegraph transmitter connected to said translating circuit to transmit said groups of signal impulses, a telegraph receiver, a telegraph transmission channel connecting said transmitter and said receiver, translating and recording devices controlled by said groups of impulses as received by said receiver for recording the information on other statistical cards.

3. An attachment for teletypewriters which comprises a statistical card controlled telegraph transmitter which includes a control circuit for transmitting a single groupof telegraph signal impulses for a certain combination recorded in a column on said card and for transmitting more than one group of impulses for other combinations recorded in a column on said card, and a telegraph signal receiving device for receiving and recording received signals in columns on statistical cards which includes means for recording more than one group of signal impulses in a column on said statistical cards.

4. In a telegraph system, a line and a station, Said station comprising printing telegraph transmitting receiving and recording apparatus; statistical card telegraph transmitting, receiving, and recording apparatus, and switching means for connecting and disconnecting said printing apparatus and said statistical card apparatus to and from said line.

5. In a telegraph system a receiving apparatus comprising a receiving magnet, a group of permutation elements controlled by said magnet, means for perforating a statistical card column by column in accordance with. the position of said elements, said means including card advancing apparatus which advances the card only in response to certain positions of said permutation elements.

6. A telegraph system comprising a plurality of telegraph stations, a central station, telegraph signal channels connecting each of said plurality of stations to said central station, interconnecting means at said central station for interconnecting said plurality of stations, each of said plurality of stations comprising printing telegraph apparatus for transmitting and receiving to and from said central station respectively general information including information relating to the interconnecting of said stations said printing telegraph apparatus including telegraph transmitting, receiving and recording mechanisms,

statistical card apparatus comprising a telegraph transmitting mechanism controlled by said cards and a telegraph receiving and recording mechanism for perforating statistical cards and switch means individual to each of said plurality of stations for connecting one of said apparatus to said telegraph channel and for disconnecting the other of said apparatus from said channel.

WALTER MEREDITH BACON. 

